Water Resources of Michigan
An Annotated Bibliography of Selected References on the Estimated Rates of Direct Ground-Water Discharge to the Great Lakes
US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4039
Lansing, Michigan 1998
By: Norman G. Grannemann and Thomas L. Weaver
Accessible Web version is available in Web (HTML) format at:
http://mi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/WRIR/WRIR98-4039/WRIR98-4039LW.php
Table of Contents including Figures, Maps, Graphs, Tables, Appendix, Conversion Factors and Vertical Datum, and Additional Information.
http://mi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/WRIR/WRIR98-4039/WRIR98-4039TOC.php
Abstract
Estimated rates of direct ground-water discharge to Lake Michigan range from 800 to 6,700 cubic feet per second. Highest rates are calculated for the northeastern shore of the Lake. Using generalized values, total direct ground-water discharge to Lake Michigan was estimated to be about 2,700 cubic feet per second. Insufficient data are available to make similar estimates for the remaining Great Lakes (Huron, Superior, Erie, and Ontario), but estimated rates from six studies are much smaller than those from studies for Lake Michigan.
Citation:
Grannemann, Norman G. and Weaver, Thomas L., An Annotated Bibliography of Selected References on the Estimated Rates of Direct Ground-Water Discharge to the Great Lakes, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4039.
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