U. S. Geological Survey - Water Resources - Michigan District

Water Resources of Michigan

Contents of Effects of Wastewater-Lagoon Discharge through Wetlands on Water Quality in Bonifas Creek, Gogebic County, Michigan

US Geological Survey Open File Report 00-100
Lansing, Michigan 2000

By: Stephen Scranton Aichele and J.M. Ellis

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BRUCE BABBITT,
Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Charles G. Groat, Director		 Prepared in cooperation with the Lac Vieux Desert Band of the Superior Chippewa
The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Accessible Web version is available in Web (HTML) format at:
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Contents

Illustration

Figure 1. Aerial photograph showing location of Bonifas Creek study area, wastewater lagoons, debris dams, impoundments, and meander scars, near Watersmeet, Gogebic County, Michigan.

Tables
  1. Properties and chemical constituents for which samples from Bonifas Creek were analyzed.
  2. Field measurements of water-quality characteristics in Bonifas Creek and wastewater lagoon (LVD lagoon) at Watersmeet, Mich.
  3. Results of analyses for fecal coliform bacteria and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand in water samples from Bonifas Creek and wastewater lagoon (LVD lagoon) at Watersmeet, Mich.
  4. Results of analyses for selected inorganic chemical constituents in samples from Bonifas Creek and wastewater lagoon (LVD lagoon) at Watersmeet, Mich.
Conversion Factors and Abbreviations
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
  Distance  
inches (in.) 25.4 millimeters
foot (ft) 0.3048 meter
mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer
  Volume  
cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second
cubic foot (ft3) 0.02832 cubic meter
gallon 3.785 liter

Temperature is given in degrees Celsius (°C), which can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by the following equation:

°F = 32 + (°C * 1.8)

Abbreviations (in addition to those above)

DO, Dissolved oxygen
SC, specific conductance
DS, dissolved solids
BOD5, five-day biochemical oxygen demand
MRL, minimum reporting level
col/100 ml, colonies per 100 milliliters (of sample water)
µs, microsiemen
cm, centimeter
mL, milliliter
µg, microgram
mg, milligram
L, liter

For additional information
write to:


District Chief
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911-5991

 Copies of this report can be
purchased from:


U.S. Geological Survey
Branch of Information Services
Box 25286
Denver, CO 80225-0286

Citation:

Aichele, Stephen Scranton and Ellis, J.M., 2000, Effects of Wastewater-Lagoon Discharge through Wetlands on Water Quality in Bonifas Creek, Gogebic County, Michigan, Date Posted: May 19, 2003, US Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-100 [http://mi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/OF/OF00-100/index.php]

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